Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Human Decision-Making in Thyroid and Neck Swellings: A Case-Based Study

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an AI-powered chatbot, in providing treatment recommendations for head and neck nodules. Ten diverse cases were examined, including individuals with varying ages and conditions such as thyroid nodules and suspicious neck lesions. The decisions made by ChatGPT were compared to those of physicians.

Data were collected from the Smart Health Tower on May 2, 2023. Analysis of the cases revealed that ChatGPT provided recommendations that aligned with physicians' decisions in seven cases, while disparities were observed in three. The findings suggest that ChatGPT can support clinical decision-making for thyroid and neck swellings, but that its recommendations still require physician oversight.