Overview
This paper highlights a summary of a 36-year-old female patient, alongside a contemporary review of 7 similar cases.
Key findings
While thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly with a prevalence ranging from 0.02% to 0.2%, its coexistence with malignant thyroid neoplasms is exceedingly rare. Our reviewed cohort demonstrated a strong female predominance, with all biopsy-tested cases confirming malignancy as Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC).
Our paper explores clinical presentations—where 5 out of 7 of the reviewed patients presented with neck swelling—as well as the success of hemithyroidectomy as a definitive treatment. Ultimately, it underscores how accurate preoperative identification of thyroid hemiagenesis is vital to guiding surgical planning, avoiding unnecessary exploration of the contralateral neck, and reducing the risk of complications in these rare cases.